Saint Anatole (Kamensky)
Saint Anatole (Kamensky) (1863-1925)
Alexei may be spelt Aleksey, Alexi, Alexios, Alexius.
Anatole may be spelt Anatoly, Anatoliy, Anatolē.
Early life of Alexei Vasilievich Kamensky
On 3 October, 1863, Alexei Vasilievich Kamensky was born to Deacon Vasily Yermolaevich and his wife in the Samara Diocese (within the Samara Governorate of the Russian Empire. This is in southeast Russia, along the Volga River. Alexei was raised by his family in the bosom of the Russian Orthodox Church. Other ancestors had served as clergy in the Russian Orthodox Church at various levels.
Alexei Vasilievich had 2 brothers : Mikhail Vasilievich Kamensky, and Elpidifor Vasilievich Kamensky. Mikhail was married, and after having studied for 3 years at a seminary, served the Church in the Tomsk Diocese as a Psalm-reader. Elpidifor was married, and he served in the Tomsk Diocese as an archpriest.
Education
Alexei Vasilievich attended the Samara Theological Seminary, from which he graduated in 1886.
After his graduation, he was assigned to serve as the overseer of the Samara Seminary.
Marriage, 1886
During 1886, Alexei Vaslievich was married.
Diaconal ordination, 1886
Also during 1886, Alexei Vasilievich Kamensky was ordained to the Holy Diaconate.
Presbyteral ordination, 1888
On 6 August, 1888, he was ordained to the Holy Priesthood.
Pastoral service
The Priest Alexei Kamensky was assigned to serve as the pastor for the Temple of the village Khilkova in the Samara diocese.
Bereavement, 1889
On 6 June, 1889, the wife of the Priest Alexei Kamensky fell asleep in the Lord. She was very young, and she succumbed to the effects of tuberculosis.
Further education
Then, in 1891, the widowed Priest Alexei Kamensky entered the Saint Petersburg Theological Academy in Saint Petersburg in 1891.
In 1895, he graduated from the academy in 1895 with the degree of Candidate of Theology (Ph.D.).
Monastic tonsure, 1895
On 26 August, 1895, the Priest Alexei V Kamensky was tonsured by Bishop Nikandr (Molchanov) to be a monk, and he was given the name Anatole (Anatoly).
Transfer to North America, 1895
The Hieromonk Anatole (Kamensky) was then assigned to the North American mission of the Church of Russia as rector of Archangel Michael Cathedral in Sitka, Alaska, with duties as superintendent of the missionary schools and Dean of the Sitka Deanery of the Diocese of Alaska.
The Priestmonk Anatole (Kamensky) in Sitka
In 1897, the Hieromonk Anatole (Kamensky) was elevated to the dignity of archimandrite.
Archimandrite Anatole with Tlingit chiefs and leaders in Sitka
In 1898, Archimandrite Anatole (Kamensky) was assigned to serve in the Bishop's House (meaning the administration) in San Francisco.
Minneapolis, 1899
In 1899, the Archimandrite Anatole (Kamensky) was transferred, and he was assigned to lead the missionary school in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. This school had been established in 1897, and it later became the first Orthodox Christian seminary in North America in 1905.
In addition to these responsibilities, Archimandrite Anatole was involved in providing the initial services for several new communities of Orthodox Christian immigrants in southern Manitoba, Canada, and in northern Minnesota, USA.
Besides all this, he enrolled in the history department of the University of Minnesota, from which he obtained a degree in history.
Archimandrite Anatole (Kamensky)
Return to Russia, 1903
In 1903, Archimandrite Anatole (Kamensky) was transferred back to Russia, and he was assigned to serve as the rector of the Odessa Theological Academy in Odessa (at that time in the Russian Empire, now in Ukraine).
In Odessa, Archimandrite Anatole took a lively part in the monarchist movement, and he was a member of the governing bodies of all monarchist organisations there. Such movements developed because of the consequences of the Russo-Japanese War of 1905, and the revolutionary-republican opinions that were being fomented in its wake.
From 1906, he was a member of the Council of the Odessa Union of the Russian People (NRC) and of the Odessa Department of the Russian Assembly.
Episcopal ordination, 1906
On 10 December, 1906, the Archimandrite Anatole (Kamensky) was ordained to the Holy Episcopate in the Holy Trinity Cathedral of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in Saint Petersburg (the capital of the Russian Empire) by Metropolitan Anthony (Vladovsky) of Saint Petersburg and Ladoga, Metropolitan (Saint) Vladimir (Bogoyavlensky) of Moscow, and Metropolitan Flavian (Gorodetsky) of Kiev.
Episcopal service
The Bishop Anatole (Kamensky) was assigned to serve as the Bishop of Elizabethgrad (Yelizavetgrad), and as Vicar-Bishop of the diocese of Kherson in what is now Ukraine.
On 13 December, 1906, Bishop Anatole was entrusted with the administration as the rector of the Odessa Dormition Monastery.
In 1912, he served as an honourary member of the Council of the Right Faction.
In 1913, he served as a member of the Board of the All-Russian Philaret Society of Public Education.
From 1912 to 1914, he served as Chairman of the Main Council of the Union of Russian People (NRS).
He continued to be an active participant in pro-monarchist assemblies.
Transfer to the Diocese of Tomsk, 1914
On 30 July, 1914, Bishop Anatole (Kamensky) was transferred, and he was assigned to serve as the Bishop of Tomsk and Altai, which are in Siberia.
However, Bishop Anatole was at that time serving as a member of the pre-revolutionary State Duma.
As a consequence of this assignment, he resigned from the Main Council of the NRS, and in November of the same year he refused to continue as a member of the State Duma.
Nevertheless, because of the situation, Bishop Anatole was not able to arrive at Tomsk until 8 January, 1916.
Once he arrived in Tomsk, he initiated the creation of monastery missionary courses, Sunday and holiday schools for children in the Tomsk diocese.
February Revolution ; Bolshevik Revolution, October, 1917
Bishop Anatole (Kamensky) was a participant in the All-Russian Church Council of 1917-1918 in Moscow. It was during this assembly that the February Revolution and the Bolshevik Revolution (October Revolution) of 1917 took place.
In December, 1917, the Bolsheviks took power in Tomsk. At the beginning of 1918, the Tomsk State Education Committee announced that the “Law of God” (catechism) would no longer be taught in the schools, and from 1 March, 1918, funding for religious teachers ceased, and all Church educational institutions were closed. Pogroms (violent, deadly riots) against the Temples, and the arrests and killings of priests began.
Yet another consequence of the revolution was the displacement of many people from their homes. People began to wander about the territory in search of a place where they might live.
After the February Revolution, political fermentation had developed in many dioceses, and the clergy were drawn into it. A portion of the clergy of the Tomsk diocese expressed their distrust of Vladyka Anatole because they said he was a politician. They filed a petition to the Holy Synod for the release of Vladyka Anatole from the diocese and the appointment of the Vicar-Bishop Innokenty as its administrator. However, their complaint brought no action.
In the “Tomsk Diocesan Register” for May, 1918, the “Message to the Orthodox inhabitants of the Mariinsky and Tomsk counties” was published by Bishop Anatole (Kamensky) :
[...] in the village of Ishim, the Priest Sokolov was killed by a gang of robbers who call themselves Bolsheviks. While serving a Baptism in the village of Bogorodniy, the Priest Serdobov was shot by the same gang. For several months, armed gangs roam the villages [...], they attack first of all, the priests and their families are subjected to robbery and violence and they are forced to flee their parishes. Many parishes [...] were left without priests. It is no longer possible to fill vacancies. [...] Nobody wants to share the fate of being beaten and scolded [...].
Bishop Anatole took all measures to ensure that, with the participation of city parish councils, all misunderstandings arising from the implementation of the Decree on Freedom of Conscience, the sequestration of various buildings of the Church administration, the removal of archives, metrical books, etc., should be settled without any friction and without weapons in hand.
Nevertheless, wherever the new Soviet government was being established, there also began a deliberate programme aimed at the destruction of the Orthodox Church.
Provisional White Movement in Tomsk, 1918
On 1 June, 1918, Soviet power fell in Tomsk, and the power of the Provisional Siberian Government was established. During that summer on the territory of the Tomsk province there was a fierce civil war. In November, 1918, the power of the Siberian government of Admiral Alexander Kolchak was established there.
It was then that Bishop Anatole (Kamensky) joined the White Movement.
On 23 July, 1918, a commission was created and approved by Bishop Anatole for the purpose of testing candidates for sacred Church positions. In August, 1918, they announced admission to the Tomsk Theological Seminary, to the Diocesan Women’s School, and to the Male Theological School. In September, classes began.
Siberian Cathedral Church Conference
In November, 1918, Bishop Anatole became Chairman of the Siberian Cathedral Church Conference in Tomsk, with the participation of 13 bishops who led the dioceses of the Volga, the Urals, Siberia, and the Far East, as well as 26 members of the All-Russian Council, from clergy and laity who were in the territory occupied by the Admiral Kolchak. At the meeting, the Provisional Church Administration of Siberia was formed. It was led by Archbishop Sylvester (Olshevsky) of Omsk.
Brotherhoods of the Holy Cross, 1919
In 1919, and Bishop Anatole became one of the main organisers of “Brotherhoods of the Holy Cross” in Admiral Kolchak’s White Army.
The Brotherhood of the Holy Cross was established to fight Bolshevism both in the rear and at the front, to defend the faith and the homeland.
During this time, he was also involved in attempts to move precious icons and relics to the east, and as well to protect the sacred liturgical items from desecration by the atheists.
In order to resist the Bolshevik gangs on the territory of the Tomsk province, with the blessing of Bishop Anatole, it was decided to create fighting squads of the Holy Cross. Each member of the squad took the oath before the Holy Cross and the Holy Gospel. An eight-pointed Cross was worn by the members of the squad, which was worn over clothing.
On 27 September, 1919, on the day of the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, with the blessing of Bishop Anatole, memorial services (panikhidas) were served in the churches of the Tomsk diocese before the Divine Liturgy “for all archpastors, pastors, leaders and soldiers, and other Orthodox Christians who died in the struggle against the Bolsheviks”. After this Divine Liturgy, and in the days that followed, prayers were held about “granting victory to the Christ-loving army”, and at sermons they invited people to register as members of the Brotherhood and the Squad of the Holy Cross.
Return of the soviets, 1919
However, in the autumn of 1919, the retreat of the Kolchak army began. After the defeat of General Anton Denikin’s army and the subsequent defeats of Admiral Alexander Kolchak’s army in Siberia, many priests, deacons and monks left with the army. Bishop Anatole, who was known for his calls against the Bolsheviks, was forced to leave also. However, unlike many others, he did not emigrate, but he remained in his pastoral responsibilities.
At about this time, with the strengthening of the communist government, once again the programme for the destruction of the Church was implemented. In a secret letter, V I Lenin pointed out that it was necessary to seize the moment and shoot as many clergy as possible, because, he indicated, there might not again be such an opportunity.
Flight from Tomsk
In the Tomsk newspaper “Red Banner”, there was printed an item :
[...] Bishop Anatole (Kamensky), while departing for evacuation to Irkutsk, was transporting the holy relics of Saint John of Tobolsk away from Tobolsk. [...]
In case number P-11292 of the Federal Security Service (FSB) archive in the Tomsk Region about Bishop Anatole, the Psalmist Mikhail Vasilyevich Kamensky testified that
[...] Bishop Anatole took the relics to Irkutsk before the arrival of the Red Army, but, according to private rumors, he contracted typhus in Krasnoyarsk. [...]
Bishop of Irkutsk, 1920
In 1920, in the midst of the Civil War, Bishop Anatole (Kamensky) was assigned to serve as the Bishop of Irkutsk in Siberia.
Famine
In 1921-1922, a severe famine erupted in the Volga region and in the central regions of Russia. Under the pretext of helping the starving, a campaign began to seize church property. In the newspaper “Red Gunner”, there appeared an appeal from the deputy chief Kotevnikov of the 5th Army to Archbishop Anatole which demanded that he give “extra” gold items in the sacristy of the diocese, which were not used in the process of worship during the evening services or in the Divine Liturgy. The appeal addressed Bishop Anatole : “The starving people are waiting for help from you, Bishop; you, as the supreme shepherd, save them from death, feed them”. Three days later, Archbishop Anatole answered that he lacked the authority to dispose of church gold belonging to the Irkutsk diocese, and relied on the will of parish councils and believers themselves. He added that the Church is not averse to helping the starving, but “we won’t give you gold” : the laity do not trust you. As Kondraty Belov describes the events in his diary, meetings of believers were held at which it was decided not to give Bolsheviks gold church utensils.
Arrest
This decision brought about the arrest of Bishop Anatole, as reported by the newspaper “Red Banner”, No. 103 of 15 May, 1922.
Imprisonment, 1922
In April, 1922 Bishop Anatole (Kamensky) was arrested by the Bolsheviks. With him were also arrested the Dean of the Cathedral of the city of Omsk, the Archpriest Peter Olersky and 2 laymen. They were accused of hiding Church property and hiding White Movement personnel. The prosecution accused him that
As a diocesan bishop in Tsarist times in Petrograd, Odessa, and other cities of Russia, a fellow chairman of the Main Council of the Union of Russian People, a member of the 4th State Duma, he actively fought against the revolutionary movement, had connections with bandits from the Irkutsk province, and aided them. He provided them shelter. He informed the envoys from the gangs through the latest bandits. He carried out organisational work to prepare an armed struggle against the Soviet regime. He participated in the theft of the public property and concealment of church objects and value from being seized by the organs of Soviet power in favour of the starving.
He pleaded “not guilty” to all the charges.
Nevertheless, in July, 1922, he was sentenced by the Irkutsk Provincial Revolutionary Tribunal to be executed. By the decision of the Cassation Board of the Siberian Branch of the Supreme Tribunal of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on 21 August, the sentence was upheld.
By a decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of 12 January, 1923, the verdict of the Tomsk Tribunal of 14 July, 1922, for the execution was replaced by 10 years in prison with strict isolation. He was in solitary confinement in Irkutsk for about 2 years. By a decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of 28 July, 1924, the unserved term was recognised as conditional upon his release from custody. Then he was sent to Moscow. The Archpriest Peter Olersky was sentenced to 3 years in prison.
Release, 1924
In 1924, by Divine Providence, Bishop Anatole was released from prison. Likewise, the Archpriest Peter Olersky was released.
Bishop Anatole (Kamensky) was elevated to the dignity of archbishop.
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Archbishop Anatole (Kamensky)
Irkutsk, 1924
On 1 February, 1924, Patriarch Tikhon (Belavin) assigned Archbishop Anatole (Kamensky) to serve as the Archbishop of Irkutsk and Verkholensk.
However, the provincial administration refused to allow him to register as the Archbishop of Irkutsk, and they did not permit him to occupy his cathedral, which had already been taken over by the Soviet-made “Living Church”. Therefore, Archbishop Anatole took up residence in Omsk.
During the last months of his life, he lived under the authority of Archbishop Victor (Epiphany) of Omsk, with whom he often served in the Temple. Archbishop Victor had himself already spent time in prison.
The Archpriest Peter Olersky continued to serve in the Omsk diocese, as rector of the Saint George Church, He was shot on 10 September, 1937.
Repose, 1925
Archbishop Anatole (Kamensky) fell asleep in the Lord on 20 September, 1925, in Omsk.
He was vouchsafed a blessed repose in the Altar of the Bratsk church during the Vigil for Sunday. Sensing the weakness of his heart, he said good-bye to all and, sitting in a chair as the choir was singing 'Glory to God in the highest', he quietly died.
Then the Funeral Services for the Burial of a Hierarch were served in the Temple.
The remains of Archbishop Anatole were afterwards interred in the Cossack cemetery. Later, through the efforts of Tatyana Rakirova, they were transferred to the Old North Cemetery, where they still lie within the same fence with the grave of Archbishop Alexei (Panteleyev).
Old North Cemetery, Omsk, military section
— Bishop of Elizabethgrad 1906-1914. Preceded by : Bishop Krysanth (Shchetkovsky). Succeeded by : Archbishop Prokopiy (Titov).
— Vicar-Bishop of the Diocese of Kherson 1906-1914.
— Bishop of Tomsk and Altai 1914-1922. Preceded by : Bishop Methodiy (Gerasimov). Succeeded by : Metropolitan Jakob (Pyatnitsky).
— Archbishop of Irkutsk and Verkholensk 1924-1925. Preceded by : Metropolitan Jakov (Pyatnitsky). Succeeded by : Archbishop Guriy (Stepanov).
Glorification, 1981
Archbishop Anatole was glorified as a Russian New-Martyr on the calendars of the Moscow Patriarchate and the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (ROCOR). He is known as the “New Hieromartyr Anatole (Kamensky), Archbishop of Irkutsk”.
This glorification took place as it did, and his title is as it is because of the nature of his suffering during his imprisonment. In such a prison, he would have been subjected to hard labour, deprivation of food, overcrowding in some parts of confinement, a long time in strict isolation (solitary confinement), beatings, and many other unspecified tortures. Upon his release, the pressure against him continued while he tried to fulfil his pastoral responsibilities, and very many obstacles were placed before him). If his repose was as it has been presented to us, then it was not as a result of simple age. Rather, it would have been as a consequence of the deleterious effects of the stress placed upon him in life.
Feast-days
His Feast-day is 20 September, the date of his repose. He is included amongst the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia in the “Synaxis” of their commemoration on 25 January (or the Sunday nearest to it).
He may also be commemorated on the Feast of the Synaxis of the New-Martyrs of the American Land on 24 September (7 October).
Tropar Tone 2
O Holy Hieromartyr, Father Anatolē,
in the face of danger you chose to remain with your flock.
With steadfast perseverance,
you endeavoured to protect the Church,
and to fulfil your pastoral work despite immense obstacles.
You suffered imprisonment and torture.
We extol your strength and endurance.
Intercede with Christ our God who glorified you,
that He give us His great mercy.
Kontak Tone 2
O Holy Hieromartyr, Father Anatolē,
you shepherded those whom the Lord entrusted to you.
You were unshakeable in defending the Church,
and you were undaunted by threats and tribulations.
We sing a hymn of praise about your sufferings,
and we give glory to God who strengthened you.
Now, as you rejoice with the angels,
intercede with Christ our God on our behalf.
Reflections
As is the case with many persons (and especially as a consequence of the overthrow of the Russian Empire, the Civil War and the behaviours of the Soviet Union thereafter), there are often gaps in the information available about the lives of people. Many records were lost or destroyed in the turmoil of the revolutionary and post-revolutionary times.
In the course of his responsibilities first as Dean of the Sitka Deanery in Alaska, and then as the head of the Minneapolis Missionary School in Minnesota, Archimandrite Anatole necessarily had contact with Canadians, whom he helped and supported.
In Sitka, this contact occurred during the regular appearances on the coast of the Inland Tlingit people in British Columbia and Yukon in Canada. They travelled to Sitka and to Juneau most particularly for the Feast of Pascha. It is likely that he also made visits over the mountains to the Orthodox Christians who lived in Canada. In Minneapolis, there was contact with Canada, particularly through students who would later serve in Canada. It is likely also that, as a missionary, he would have served on some occasions in the developing Orthodox Christian communities near the border with the USA in Manitoba.
In the manner of many Orthodox Christian families that lived in the Soviet Union, both brothers of Archbishop Anatole were executed after imprisonment by the communists in the 1930s. Other members of the family were likewise executed after imprisonment. They clearly were killed because of being identified with the Orthodox Church.
Awards :
• Order of Saint Anna, 2nd degree, 1902
• Order of Saint Vladimir, 4th degree, 1905
• Order of Saint Vladimir, 3rd degree, 1908
Writings
• “American Essays” : 1. Orthodoxy in America. 2. Slavs in America. 3. The religious Issue in America (Odessa, 1908).
• “Prelate Alexy, Metropolitan of All Russia, Wonder-worker of Moscow” СПб., 1894; (St Petersburg, 1894 : Samara, 1897 ; Odessa, 1905).
• “In the Country of the Shamans : the Indians of Alaska, their Genesis and their Religion” (Odessa, 1906) XI, [1], 139 pp., Ill.
• “Appeal to the Clergy of the Tomsk Diocese” (Tomsk, 1915).
• “Epistle to the Shepherds and the Flock of Tomsk” (Tomsk, 1916).
• “Canonical Parish or Parish Community ?” (Tomsk, 1916).
• “The Tlingit Indians of Alaska (1906)“ (Fairbanks, AK : University of Alaska Press, 1985), translation from Russian by Sergei Kan with an Introduction and Supplementary Material (The Rasmuson Library Historical Translation Series, vol. II, University of Alaska Press in Fairbanks, AK).
Writings about Saint Anatole by various authors :
• “Church Messenger”, no. 47 (1906), p. 493.
• “Church Messenger”, no. 50 (1906) p. 3129.
• “Church Messenger”, no. 5 (1914) p. 27 ; no. 32, p. 377.
• “Church Messenger”, no. 35 (1895), pp. 1103, 1127.
• “Kazan Eparchy News”, no. 36 (1912), pp. 1079 ; no. 11 (1914), p. 334 ; no. 13-14, p. 420.
• “Missionary Calendar” 1907, p. 128.
• Bulgakov, p. 1416.
• “FAM II”, no. 2, p. 5.
• “Composition of the Holy Rule. All. Syn. And Ros. Church. Hierarchy for 1917”, p. 254-255. [“Council of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church Hierarchy for 1917”], pp. 254-255.
• Sorokin, Archpriest V, Bovkalo, A, Galkin, K, ‘Theological Education in the Russian Orthodox Church under the Most Holy Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Tikhon’ in “KhCh.”, no. 7 (1992), p. 20 ; no. 8 (1993) pp. 11-12.
• Ivanov, A, A, “The last Defenders of the Monarchy : The right-wing Faction of the IV State Duma during the First World War, 1914 - February 1917” (St Petersburg, 2006).
• (Lemeshevsky), Metropolitan Manuel, “The Russian Orthodox Bishops from 1893 to 1965 : Bio-bibliography” (Erlangen, 1979-1989), vol. 1, pp. 227-228. ISBN : 3-923119-25-9.
• Spassky, K K, “Farewell of the Odessa Theological Seminary to the former Rector Archimandrite Anatoly” (Odessa, 1907).
• Zdravomyslov, K Y, “Biographical Dictionary of ROC Hierarchs from the Introduction of Christianity in Russia until 1918”, p. 159.
• “Acts of His Holiness Tikhon, Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia” (later documents and correspondence about the canonical succession of the highest ecclesiastical authority, 1917-1943: Coll. in 2 parts), comp. M E Gubonin (Moscow, 1994), pp. 622, 962.
• “Acts of the Sacred Council of the Russian Orthodox Church 1917-1918” (Documents, Materials, Acts I-XVI) (Moscow, 1994) reprinted from 1918 ed., vol. 1, p. 61.
• Boiovich, M M, “Members of the State Dumas (Portraits and Biographies) (Moscow, 1912).
References
Sukhovetsky, Father Vyacheslav, “Archbishop Anatoly (Kamensky)” (in Russian)
Orthodoxwiki article about Hieromartyr Anatole (Kamensky) of Irkutsk
Russian Wikipedia biography (in Russian)
Chronos web-site biography (in Russian)
“The Russian Mission in North America”
Additional information :
All Saints of North America Orthodox Church, Arizona : St Anatole of Irkutsk
Andreev, Ivan M, “A Brief Overview of the History of the Church of Russia from the Revolution to Our Days” (Jordanville, NY : Holy Trinity Monastery Press, 1952).
Ivanov, A, A, “The last Defenders of the Monarchy : The right-wing Faction of the IV State Duma during the First World War, 1914 - February 1917” (St Petersburg, 2006).
Kan, Sergei, “Memory Eternal : Tlingit Culture and Russian Orthodox Christianity Through Two Centuries” (Seattle : University of Washington Press, 1999). ISBN 0295978066
(Lemeshevsky), Metropolitan Manuel, “The Russian Orthodox Bishops from 1893 to 1965 : Bio-bibliography” (Erlangen, 1979-1989), vol. 1, pp. 227-228. ISBN : 3-923119-25-9.
Maltsev, A, “The Orthodox Church and Russian Establishments Abroad” (Saint Petersburg, 1906). (In Russian)
Morbey, Father Andrew, “St Anatole Kamenskii”
Sorokin, Archpriest V, Bovkalo, A, Galkin, K, ‘Theological Education in the Russian Orthodox Church under the Most Holy Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Tikhon’ in “KhCh.”, no. 7 (1992), p. 20 ; no. 8 (1993) pp. 11-12
Spassky, K K, “Farewell of the Odessa Theological Seminary to the former Rector Archimandrite Anatoly” (Odessa, 1907).
Sukhovetsky, Priest Vyacheslav, “Omsk Diocese on the Eve of Revolutionary Shocks”.
Archbishop Sylvester (Olshevsky) of Omsk
Archbishop Victor (Bogoyavlensky)
Archpriest Peter Olersky
Repose of Archbishop Anatole (Kamensky) of Irkutsk (1925)
New Hieromartyr Anatole (Kamensky), Archbishop of Irkutsk (1925)
Wikipedia : New Hieromartyr and Confessor Anatole (Kamensky)
Orthodoxwiki article about Omsk
Wikipedia article about Irkutsk
The North American Mission of the Church of Russia 1870-1920
Archangel Michael Cathedral, Sitka, Alaska
“Tlingit Indians of Alaska” (Fairbanks, AK : The University of Alaska Press, 1999).
History of the Missionary School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
All-Russian Church Council of 1917-1918
Odessa Theological Academy, Odessa
Elizabethgrad City, Ukraine, 1895